principles of management notes in hindi pdf

Organisations should monitor social and cultural forces because these external forces are extremely important to their performance.

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Organisation and Management 4.

Nature 5. Dynamics 6.

Managerial Acts 7.

Process of Management 8.

Management as an Art, a Science or a Profession and few other Notes.

Contents: Notes on the Definition of Management Notes on the Socio-Economic and Cultural Significance of Management Notes on the Organisation and Management Notes on the Nature of Management Notes on the Dynamics of Management Notes on the Managerial Acts Notes on the Process of Management Notes on the Challenges of Management Notes on the Theories of Management Notes on the Levels of Management Notes on Management as an Art, a Science or a Profession Notes on Management as a Profession Notes on the Importance of Management 1.

Notes on the Definition of Management: Management is defined as the process of getting things done through the efforts of other people.

This often involves the allocation and control of money and physical resources.

A manager is not a manager if he works alone, i.e., unless involved in the process of getting things done through others.

Although the study of mathematics started 5,000 years ago, that of economics 250 years ago, the study of management as a separate discipline is a comparatively recent event.

The study of the subject started after the publication of F.W.

While science provides a framework of analysis, art follows certain practices.

Henri Fayol, in the early twentieth century, defined it as the process of forecasting, planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling.

E. F. L. Brech called it the social process of planning, coordination, control and motivation.

Writing in the 1980s, Tom Peters defined it as organisational direction based on sound common sense, pride in the organisation and enthusiasm for its works.

This definition is much broader than the one suggested by Drucker that management is a process.

As Richard Pettinger has rightly put it, management is partly the process of getting things done through people; and partly the creative and energetic combination of scarce resources into effective and profitable activities, and the combination of the skill and talents of the individuals concerned with doing this.

Notes on the Socio-Economic and Cultural Significance of Management: Change in the economy pose both opportunities and problems for managers.

In times of continual moderate growth, many organisations enjoy a growing demand for output, and funds are more easily available for plant expansion and other investments.

However, when the economy shifts downward (as in a recession), demand plummets, unemployment rises and profits shrink.

Some organisations utilise projections of future economic conditions in making such decisions as whether to expand plant facilities or enter new markets.

However, leading economists often differ in their economic projections and many organisations are therefore skeptical about economic forecasting.

Political, Legal and Regulatory: Numerous law and a multitude of authorities characterise the political, legal and regulatory forces in the external environment that have an indirect but strong influence on the organisation.

More recent laws and judicial decisions have banned the use of polygraphs for employment decisions and restricted an organisations right to fire and its options in testing employees for drug use.

Consequently, many organisations monitor governmental and legislative developments to ensure their own compliance with the law.

Cultural and Social: Cultural and social forces are changes in our social and cultural system that can affect an organisations actions and the demand for its products or services.

Every nation has a social and cultural system comprising certain beliefs and values.

Environmental interest groups have lobbied for legislation to further limit industries emissions of fossil fuels (gas, coal and oil) that intensify the greenhouse effect a phenomenon that could produce disastrous changes in the worlds climate.

Principles Of Management Notes In Hindi Pdf